Everything about Vienne Is Re totally explained
Vienne is a
commune of
France, located 30 km south of
Lyon, on the
Rhône River. It is the second city after
Grenoble in the
Isère department, of which it's a
subprefecture. Population (2001): 29,400.
Vienne was an important early
bishopric in Christian
Gaul. Its most famous
bishop was
Avitus of Vienne. At the
Council of Vienne, convened there in October
1311,
Clement V abolished the order of the
Knights Templar the following year.
A
suspension bridge leads from the city to the right bank of the Rhône, where the industrial quarter of Ste Colombe now occupies part of the ancient city. Here is a tower, built in
1349 by
Philip of Valois to defend the French bank of the Rhône, as distinguished from the left bank, which, as part of the
kingdom of Provence, was dependent on the
Holy Roman Empire. This state of things is also recalled by the name of the village,
St Romain en Gal, northwest of Ste Colombe.
The city is best known for its annual
Jazz Festival, which takes place in the Roman Ancient Theatre (July).
History
» For the ecclesiastical history, see Archbishopric of Vienne
Roman Vienne
The
oppidum of the
Allobroges became a
Roman colony about
47 BC under
Julius Caesar, but the Allobroges managed to expel them: the exiles then founded the colony of
Lugdunum (today's
Lyon).
Herod Archelaus was exiled here in 6 AD. Under the early
Empire Vienna (as the Romans called it--not to be confused with today's
Vienna [German
Wien], which the Romans called
Vindobona) regained all its former privileges as a Roman colony. Later it became a provincial capital. In
257 Postumus was proclaimed emperor here of a short-lived
Gallo-Roman empire with its capital at
Trier. On the bank of the
Gre are traces of the
ramparts of the old Roman city, and on
Mont Pipet (east of the town) are the remains of a
Roman theatre, while the ruined 13th century castle there was built on Roman footings. Several ancient
aqueducts and traces of
Roman roads can still be seen.
Two Roman monuments at Vienne are outstanding. One is the temple of Augusta and Livia, a rectangular building of the
Corinthian order, erected by the emperor
Claudius, which owes its survival, like the
Maison Carrée at
Nîmes, to being converted to a church soon after the
Theodosian decrees as "Notre Dame de Vie." In it the local
Festival of Reason at the time of the
Reign of Terror. The other is the
Plan de l'Aiguille, a truncated pyramid resting on a portico with four arches, from the
Roman circus. Many popular theories have been advanced as to what this structure was intended for, even the legend of
Pontius Pilate has made this his tomb.
Christian Vienne
The provincial capital was an important early seat of a bishop, the legendary first bishop said to have been
Crescens, a disciple of
Paul. Certainly there were Christians here in
177 when the churches of Vienne and Lyon addressed a letter to those of Asia and Phrygia and mention is made of the deacon of Vienne (
Eusebius of Caesarea,
Church History). The first historical bishop was
Verus, who was present at the
Council of Arles in
314. About
450 Vienne's bishop became an archbishop (dissolved in
1790) and its archbishops disputed with those of Lyon the title of "
Primate of All the Gauls".
Vienne was an unfortunate target during the
Migrations Period: taken by the
Burgundians in
438, by the
Franks in
534, sacked by the
Lombards in
558 and by the
Moors in
737.
Vienne in the Kingdom of Provence
King
Charles II the Bald assigned the district in
869 to
Count Boso of Provence, who in
879 proclaimed himself
king of Provence and was buried on his death in
887 in the cathedral church of St Maurice. Vienne then continued to form part of the kingdom of Provence and then of
Arles till in
1032 it reverted to the
Holy Roman Empire, but the real rulers were the archbishops of Vienne, whose rights were repeatedly recognized but who had serious local rivals in the
counts of Albon, later
Dauphins of the neighboring countship of the
Viennois. In
1349 the reigning Dauphin sold his rights to the
Dauphiné to France, but the archbishop stood firm and Vienne wasn't included in this sale. The archbishop finally surrendered their territorial powers to France in
1449.
Gui de Bourgogne, who was archbishop
1090-
1119, was pope from 1119 to
1124 as
Callixtus II.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Vienne Is Re'.
|
External Link Exchanges
Do you know how hard it is to get a link from a large encyclopaedia? Well we're different and will prove it. To get a link from us just add the following HTML to your site on a relevant page:
<a href="http://vienne__is__re.totallyexplained.com">Vienne, Isère Totally Explained</a>
Then simply click through this link from your web page. Our crawlers will verify your link, extract the title of your web page and instantly add a link back to it. If you like you can remove the words Totally Explained and embed the link in article text.
As long as your link remains in place, we'll keep our link to you right here. Please play fair - our crawlers are watching. Your site must be closely related to this one's topic. Any kind of spamming, dubious practises or removing the link will result in your link from us being dropped and, potentially, your whole site being banned. |
